■ paradigm

这本来是个学术用语，近年来逐渐渗入日常用语之中。它的意义，似乎同中文的“样板”比较接近。

• Louis XIV, the paradigm of absolute monarchs... (John Wilkinson, Center Magazine, March 1968)专制君主的样板路易十四…

有时候相当于“模式”。

• His logic is the familiar paradigm: If radicals take two steps forward, society will eventually take one. (Robert Sklar, The Progressive, Feb., 1967)他的逻辑就是这个人们熟悉的模式：如果激进派向前迈出两步，社会就会终于向前迈出一步。
• This paradigm shift from reductionism to holism is altering the practice of medicine in America today. (Interface, Fall 1979)这个从简约论到整体论的转型，正在改变着今天美国的医疗事业。