| 释义 |
▪ I. scrutiny, n.|ˈskruːtɪnɪ|
Also 5 scrutyny, 6 scruteny, -enie, 6–7 scrutinie.
[ad. late L. scrūtinium, f. scrūtārī: see scrutator. Cf. OF. scrutinie, scrutine, mod.F. scrutin, Sp., Pg. escrutinio, It. squittino, scrutinio, scruttino.]
1. a. The formal taking of individual votes, as a method of electing to an office or dignity, or of deciding some question proposed to a deliberative assembly; an instance of this procedure.
Now chiefly in Canon Law. In English municipal and university procedure, ‘scrutiny’ was commonly resorted to only when the result of show of hands or acclamation was not accepted, so that in some examples it is doubtful whether the word partakes more of this sense or of sense 2 c. In Oxford University, the Latin formula Fiat scrutinium, ‘let a scrutiny be made’, is still employed, but the English word is rarely if ever used with reference to present practice.
c1450in Aungier Syon (1840) 288 The thre formes of eleccion schal be declared..That is to say, the wey of the holy-goste, the wey of scrutyny, and the wey of compromys. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 123 After many scrutinies they elected one Iohn Quicedus. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 46 Whereuppon he and M. Jackson went strait wais up to the table to cal for our voices in ‘scrutinie’. 1600Holland Livy x. 360 The people went to a scrutinie and began to giue their voices. 1620Cheque Bk. Chapel Royal (Camden) 9 By a scruteny he was ellected. 1623Wotton Lett. (1907) II. 275 We have at last a new Pope, after many scrutinies. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. ii. 285 The Election of the Pope is usually in three manners, the first by Scrutiny, the second by Access, and the third by Adoration. 1705Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 62 The Proctors went to a Scrutiny. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4493/3 Upon a Scrutiny the following Persons were declared to be duly elected Directors. 1897Catholic Dict. (ed. 5) 311 Election... In canon law, the act of choosing a fit person for a vacant post... The actual choice may be made in one of three ways: by inspiration.., by scrutiny, or by compromise.
†b. A vote in one's favour, a suffrage. Obs.
1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 781 Of all gentylwomen he hath the scruteny, In Fames court reportynge the same.
c. (See quot.)
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Scrutiny is also used, in the Canon Law, for a Ticket, or little Paper Billet, wherein, at Elections, the Electors write their Notes privately, so as it may not be known for whom they vote.
2. Investigation, critical inquiry; an instance of this. Formerly often (now rarely) const. into, † of.
1604Drayton Moses i. 6 At three monthes a scrutinie was held, And serchers then sent euery where about. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Scrutinie, diligent Search, inquiry. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 190 Let us..stretch the scrutiny to that Angelicall birth-Caroll of our blessed Lord. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 515, I thought thee worth my nearer view And narrower Scrutiny. 1680Evelyn Diary 30 Oct., An accurate scrutinie of all my actions past. a1701Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1721) 38 Making..an exact scrutiny into this antiquity. 1786Burke Art. agst. W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 186 To threaten him with scrutinies into his conduct. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii. IV. 176 The closest scrutiny will detect little that is not deserving of approbation. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xvi. §16 Whatever may first lead us to the scrutiny of natural objects, that scrutiny never fails of its reward. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. ii. 35 He is safe from his own scrutiny.
b. Eccl. (See quot. 1897.)
1728in Chambers Cycl. 1897Catholic Dict. (ed. 5) 832/1 Scrutiny (scrutinium). An examination of those who were about to receive baptism... The days appointed for the different scrutinies varied in different places... In the Roman Church, under Pope Siricius, there were apparently three scrutinies only; at a later date, seven.
c. An official examination of the votes cast at an election, in order to eliminate any votes that are invalid, and to rectify or confirm the numbers stated in the return. (Cf. 1 a.)
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Among us, Scrutiny is chiefly used for a strict Perusal, and Examination of the several Votes hastily taken at an Election. 1750H. Walpole Let. to Mann 31 Jan., The Westminster election is still hanging in scrutiny; the Duke of Bedford paid the election, which he owns to have cost seven thousand pounds; and Lord Gower pays the scrutiny, which will be at least as much. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 887 It is frequently necessary to subject the votes of both parties to a scrutiny. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 290/1 It has been found possible to render voting perfectly secret and to provide for a scrutiny.
†d. Winchester School. ‘An examination of the seven seniors and seven juniors in College, on the subject of their personal comfort, etc.’ (R. G. K. Wrench, Winchester Word-Book, 1891).
In the original Latin statutes the section relating to this subject is headed ‘De Scrutiniis seu Capitulis ter in Anno in Collegio Celebrandis’.
3. In recent use: The action of looking searchingly at something; a searching gaze.
1796F. Burney Camilla III. 183 The celebrated Mrs. Berlinton still appeared not to undergo a scrutiny. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xi, He adjusted his hat fiercely, turned round, and came forward, as if to meet and defy scrutiny. 1853C. Brontë Villette vi, I observed him throwing a glance of scrutiny over all the passengers. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i, One [man] was stooping slightly, and looking downward with the scrutiny of curiosity. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. ix, It was natural that John Harmon should have his own secret reasons for a careful scrutiny of her countenance. 1909Blackw. Mag. Sept. 402/1 A brief scrutiny informed him that she was neither in the ball-room nor the supper-room.
▪ II. † ˈscrutiny, v. Obs.—0
[f. scrutiny n.]
trans. = scrutinize.
1755in Johnson. |
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