| 单词 |
preclinical |
| 释义 |
preˈclinical, a. Med.
[pre- B. 1.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or designating the first stage of a medical education, consisting chiefly of the necessary scientific studies without regular involvement with patients.
1930A. Flexner Universities i. 14 Medicine stood almost still until the pre-clinical sciences were differentiated and set free—free to develop without regard to use and practice. 1948F. Roberts Med. Educ. vii. 48 On entering the pre-clinical stage the student embarks on an intensive study of human anatomy and physiology. 1956Med. Press 5 Sept. 225/1 In the more progressive medical schools it has been found of great benefit to give the pre-clinical student a series of specially selected clinical demonstrations. 1970Nature 1 Aug. 431/2 In 1968–69 there were 6,017 pre-clinical and 7,024 clinical training places in medical schools in Britain. 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Med. LXXI. 373 The preclinical and paraclinical subjects that, it is widely accepted, comprise the early part of the European medical student curriculum.
2. Preceding the onset of recognizable symptoms that make a diagnosis possible.
1932Gaiger & Davies Vet. Path. & Bacteriol. xvii. 277 The difficulty of diagnosing cases in the pre-clinical stage led to efforts to find a diagnostic agent for Johne's disease analogous to tuberculin for tuberculosis. 1943Brit. Jrnl. Tuberculosis XXXVII. 98 How is the student of today going to prescribe tomorrow for the preclinical case diagnosed by mass-radiology? 1976Biol. Abstr. LXI. 6389/1 (heading) Pulmonary cancer recognized in a preclinical phase of development.
3. Preceding clinical testing of a drug.
1962Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 20 May 18* (heading) Consideration and some experiments of preclinical pharmacology of anti-cancer drugs. 1972P. R. B. Noel in Richards & Rondel Adverse Drug Reactions i. 3 The number of patients used..is not always very great and does not always exceed the number of animals used in the pre-clinical investigations. |
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