| 释义 |
‖ papyrus|pəˈpaɪərəs|
Pl. papyri |-ˈaɪəraɪ|. Also 4–7 papirus.
[L. papȳrus, a. Gr. πάπῡρος the paper-rush; also, the writing material prepared from it.]
1. An aquatic plant of the sedge family, the Paper Reed or Paper Rush (Cyperus Papyrus or Papyrus antiquorum), with a creeping rootstock which sends up stems from 8 to 10 feet high, bearing spikelets of flowers on long stalks in a large cluster at the top; formerly abundant in Egypt, and the source of the writing material used by the ancients (see 2); still found in Ethiopia, Syria, Sicily, etc.
1388Wyclif Isa. xviii. 2 The lond..that sendith messangeris bi the see, and in vessels of papirus on watris. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxxvi. (Bodl. MS.), Papirus is þe name of a rusche þt is idruyed to tende fuyre & lanterns. 1548Turner Names of Herbes 60 Papyrus groweth not in Englande, it hath the facion of a greate Docke... It maye be called in englishe water paper; or herbe paper. 1615Sandys Trav. (1632) 102 The sedgie reeds which grow in the marishes of ægypt, called formerly Papyri, of which they made paper. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Paper, Besides Paper, they made sails, ropes, and other naval rigging; as also mats, blankets, clothes, and even ships, of the stalk of the Papyrus. 1827Moore Epicur. xvi. (1839) 173 Planks..bound rudely together with bands of papyrus. 1865Livingstone Zambesi iii. 82 The shore..was covered with reeds and papyrus.
2. A substance prepared, in the form of thin sheets, from the stem of the papyrus plant, by laying thin slices or strips of it side by side, with another layer of similar strips crossing them, and usually a third layer again parallel to the first, the whole being then soaked in water, pressed together, and dried; used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, etc., as a material for writing on.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Paper, Taking the MS. of St. Mark's Gospel at Venice to be written on Egyptian Papyrus. 1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. xii. 430 Ancient manuscripts written on Papyrus, both in Greek and Latin. 1834Lytton Pompeii i. iii. 14 The few rolls of papyrus which the ancients deemed a notable collection of books. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xv. 397 These invaluable letters, written on papyrus in the hieratic character.
3. (With pl. papyri.) An ancient manuscript or document written on papyrus.
1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. xii. 430 The first Papyrus was at length unrolled, and proved to be a Treatise of Music. 1863Ld. Lytton Ring Amasis I. ii. i. v. 267 This mummy was accompanied by a papyrus. 1875Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 20 Those Biblical codices which most resemble the Herculanean papyri.
4. attrib. and Comb.
1837J. G. Wilkinson Anc. Egypt. viii. III. 62 Purposes to which the papyrus plant is said to have been applied. 1866Livingstone Last Jrnls. (1873) I. ix. 234 Papyrus roots are hard to the bare feet. 1875Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 16 The papyrus fragments rescued from the ruins of Herculaneum. |
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