| 单词 |
normalization |
| 释义 |
normaliˈzation
[f. normalize v. + -ation.]
a. The action or process of making normal or of normalizing (in any sense).
1882in Ogilvie. 1892tr. Schäffle's Impossib. Soc. Democracy 107 This whole process of normalization. 1894J. R. C. Hall A.-S. Dict. Pref., Normalisations have..been generally avoided. 1916Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. XCIV. 10 It is not suggested to abandon the term ‘normalise’, but to define normalisation as a treatment which will give equalisation and not metal of abnormal variations. 1929[see normalize v. 3 a]. 1944Gregory & Simons Heat-Treatment Steel xx. 273 The steels not requiring normalization after forging should be cooled off in lime, then annealed. 1959E. M. McCormick Digital Computer Primer xi. 155 To facilitate normalization, many computers have a special instruction..that counts the positions the number must be shifted left to be normalized. This count is then used to modify the exponent. 1967C. L. Wrenn Word & Symbol p. xii, The problem of normalisation for Old English still requires scholarly attention. 1972Bergman & Bruckner Introd. Computers & Computer Programming vi. 169 The only exception to the normalization rule is zero; there are many ways in which we can represent zero. 1972P. W. Williams Numerical Computation ix. 162 One method of normalization is to divide all the elements of a vector by the largest element so that vectors have unity as the largest element. Alternatively, each element could be divided by the sum of the squares of the elements of the vector in which case vectors have unit length. 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 220 Two sociolinguistic problems: immigrant bilingualism and language normalization.
b. Psychol. The subconscious process whereby the mental image of a shape, pattern, etc., is changed to resemble something more familiar; also attrib. See normalizing vbl. n. b.
1935K. Koffka Princ. Gestalt Psychol. xi. 499 Autonomous changes occur against the forces of normalization and pointing. 1971J. Hochberg in Woodworth & Schlosberg Experimental Psychol. (1972) xii. 469 The normalization effects might thus simply be instances of the figural after effects produced by satiation.
c. Politics. The achieving of ‘normal’ or stable political relationships between two countries, freq. between a major power and a weaker or dependent country.
1938Times Review of 1937 p. vii/1 The ‘normalization’ of Polish-German relations. 1955Times 22 Aug. 5/3 The Yugoslav Press has been complaining for some time that the process of ‘normalization’ with Albania was lagging behind other east European countries. 1956Ann. Reg. 1955 260 ‘Normalization’ of relations with the satellites. 1962Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 12/2 President Tito can be well pleased. ‘Normalisation’ has been attained without compromise of Jugoslavia's freedom of action, in defence of which he broke with Stalin. 1968Economist 7 Sept. 33/1 It will permit Mr. Dubcek, his party leadership and government to resume the road towards what is laughingly called ‘normalisation’ just so long as they stick to Moscow's interpretation of normality. |
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