| 释义 |
imide Chem.|ˈɪmaɪd, ɪˈmaɪd|
[Purposely altered from amide; first formed as F. imide (A. Laurent 1835, in Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. LIX. 400).]
Any compound containing the group {b1}NH{b1} (or the substituted form {b1}NR{b1}) attached either to two atoms of a metal or to one or two carbon atoms (which strictly should form part of an acidic group or groups).
1850Daubeny Atom. The. viii. (ed. 2) 248 Imidogen, by which name Laurent intended to express ammonia shorn of 2 of its hydrogen atoms. 1857W. A. Miller Elem. Chem. III. 231 The imides are bodies formed from the amidated acids by depriving these compounds of two equivalents of water. 1865–72Watts Dict. Chem. III. 246 Imides, monamides, in which 2 at. hydrogen are replaced by a diatomic radicle. 1869Eng. Mech. 2 July 339/1 Imides..bodies intermediate between the amides and nitrites, supposed to contain a hypothetical radicle, imidogen. 1892E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter's Chem. Carbon Compounds (ed. 2) 365 The imides result by substituting the divalent acid radicals for two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia. 1950N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements & their Compounds I. 666 Imides proper R·C{btr1}OH{bbr2}NH (cyclic imides like phthalimide are of course of a different type) are scarcely known except as possible tautomeric forms of amides; their alkyl derivatives, the imino-ethers R·C{btr1}O·R{bbr2}N·R, change easily and irreversibly into the disubstituted amides R·C{btr2}O{bbr1}NR2 . 1951C. R. Noller Textbk. Org. Chem. xiii. 195 The monoacyl derivatives of ammonia, primary amines and secondary amines, having the general formula RCONH2, RCONHR, or RCONR2, are known as amides. Diacyl derivatives of ammonia, (RCO)2NH, and of primary amines, (RCO)2NR, also are known and are called imides. Except for the cyclic imides..their preparation usually is more difficult. 1962P. J. & B. Durrant Introd. Adv. Inorg. Chem. xix. 695 The imides, for example lithium imide Li2NH, contain the group >NH. Lithium, calcium, germanium, tin, and lead form imides.
Hence iˈmido-, combining form of prec., as in imidocaprylic acid, imidocaprylimide, imidosulphonic acid, imidosulphonate, etc.
1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 381 The products are imidocaprylic acid and imidocaprylimide. |
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